patient case study

Real Vegan BLOOD TEST Results Explained

what’s up guys it’s Nicole a can to keep vegan and today I’m going to be sharing my vegan blood test results this is a really requested video after I showed some vitamin supplements that I take in a recent what I ate today video so I thought I would share my results with you guys and show you whether or not being vegan is scientifically proven to be healthy or not I really want this video to be as helpful as possible for you guys so in addition to just sharing my blood test results I’m also going to be showing you what foods I eat as a vegan that help keep me nourishing and keep my blood nutrient levels really high and I’m also going to be answering questions that I get all the time about blood test results and where to get them and what to ask for as well as supplements that I take and recommend and most of my blood test results are really good so I’m excited to share that with you but there were also places that I could definitely improve upon which I’m going to be really honest with you and show you what my levels were and what I’m doing now to improve so I hope you guys are excited and let’s get started my doctor I asked her to do a blood test and I told her I was vegan and that I wanted to really double check my vitamin b12 my vitamin D and I wanted to make sure that I had enough protein and all those different kinds of things so I basically said everything that can be tested please go ahead and test that I think that’s an important thing to point out because I’ve also had blood work done in the past where they didn’t test something like vitamin D or vitamin b12 sometimes you do have to ask it depends on what your insurance covers and it depends on what you’re there for the doctor for they don’t automatically test everything so it’s just really important to be really clear about what you want and why you want it and if you tell them you’re vegan and you want to get all of your things checked out they’ll probably check all the little boxes for you so that’s great the process is just the same as any other time that you’ve gotten blood work it’s not any different I didn’t have to get more blood drawn and after about a week I just got emails and my blood results I printed them out and I’m going to share them with you guys healthy range is 6.0 to 8.3 and I was at a 6.4 this does fluctuate depending on the day and this was all while I was fasting I had to fast before doing this blood test for like 12 hours or something like that so it definitely knows fluctuate but as long as it’s in that range you’re golden so the number one way that I get plant protein is with beans and lentils I really love making Mexican food out of beans just because you can really kind of make it different every single time with different spices and you can play around with textures here I’m making my chili lime chickpea tacos and I will put all of the recipes that you see in these clips in the description box you can check that out but these are delicious and really flavorful way to add some protein to your diet I also love the black bean enchiladas and I also really like lentils and I use lentils and tacos and burritos but also in sauces like I really love my soup that I make it’s lasagna soup and that has lentils and you would never know what they totally blend in and speaking of blending you can also blend up feeds I know a lot of people don’t like the texture so you can blend them into hum muses and bean dips and use them as a sandwich spread or I also have a recipe on this channel form white bean guacamole that’s really high in protein and also iron and other things that legumes give you as well and if you’re not into beans and lentils youkan also do tempeh or tofu those are really great dense sources of plant-based protein here I’m showing you my teriyaki tempeh it’s one of my like10-minute go-to recipes super easy to make and you can use it for a number of different things here I’m doing it in kind of like a sushi bowl so again I will link this down below my calcium levels almost as much as I get asked about where I get my protein people assume that if you don’t drink cow’s milk that you just can’t get enough calcium and that’s just totally not true my calcium levels are really good so the normal range is eight point three to ten point five and mine was nine point nine so definitely on the higher end of normal but still in that healthy normal range and a ways that Alike to get my calcium as lots of lea dark leafy greens I eat a lot of mixed greens I eat a lot of spinach I do sometimes do kale although it’s a little bit hard on my digestion so I don’t do like excessive amounts but also foods like book choy are very high in calcium and things like tahini and different nuts and seeds you’re going to get a lot of good calcium I also drink fortified a plant milk it’s usually almond milk but sometimes it’s soy sometimes it’s hemp sometimes it’s hazelnut I’m kind of like in a phase right now or I like to try different plant milks and like use them indifferent ways for recipes and stuff everyone has cholesterol in their body and everyone has good cholesterol and bad cholesterol and a lot of the times bad cholesterol is considered to be genetic and I have a lot of high cholesterol levels in my family particularly on my dad’s side of the family and almost everyone of that immediate side of the family has passed away from heart disease knowing that that’s my family history it definitely motivates me to stay on plant-based diet so I’ve been touched it all throughout my life for my cholesterol levels and when I was in the fifth grade I actually had high cholesterol and had to go on a low-fat diet I think I was like 11 wasn’t on adieu to lose weight but I had to really kind of cut out a lot of rich especially like dairy type foods back then because my cholesterol levels were high so what’s really cool to see is that my cholesterol levels are really good and within a healthy range because obviously I’m not eating animals and that is the biggest source of extra cholesterol in the body so a healthy range for cholesterol is 135 to 200 and mine was 154 so that’s on the lower end which is really good I’m very pleased with that if you’re not a vegan and you’re watching this or if you have family member or friend who is not vegan who has high cholesterol definitely make sure that you know or that they know that shellfish things like lobster and crab and shrimp are actually pretty high in cholesterol people think that seafood is like healthier meat to eat and there’s a lot of reasons why that’s not true but also that they are quite high in cholesterol also egg everyone thinks eggs are so healthy but they are really richen cholesterol especially since you hardly ever just eat one egg I would definitely recommend cutting out dairy cutting out foods like red meat and shellfish and cheese and cow’s milk products that are going to be really rich in cholesterol because that stuff is just it’s not good for you okay now to the good stuff my vitaminb12 levels were within a healthy range healthy range is anywhere from 193 to980 – so that’s a really big range because your body does store vitamin b12mine was 254 so it’s going to be in that range in the healthy range my doctor was not concerned about my vitamin b12 but when I talked to her about it and I told her I wasn’t supplementing she said that could go ahead and take a vitamin b12supplement not every single day but few times a week just to make sure that my levels are high and that I kind of get more just like the middle area of that because IMM b12 is extremely important especially for your arteries and also your energy levels if you don’t have a lot of energy one thing that you might want to check is your vitamin b12levels because B vitamins are what helps you convert your carbohydrates into energy fortified plant milks again and also from foods like nutritional yeast and spirulina I like to put spirulina in my smoothies and that has a good amount of vitamin b12 naturally as well so there are definitely natural ways to get it if you and your doctor decide that taking vitamin b12 supplement would be a good idea then I would totally recommend taking the kind that I take which is the my kind organics from the Garden of Life it is in organic vegan vitamin b12 and I would also recommend looking for the methyl cobalamin versus the Chi know oval Avon it’s a lot more absorbable even though it’s really hard to say these were not great and this was really eye-opening for me the healthy range for vitamin D is a 30 to 100 and mine was a15-point to so it’s very low deficient is less than 10 and insufficient is 10 to 30 so I was not technically deficient I was insufficient but getting closer to the deficient range insufficient just means that you know you really need to focus on it if you get deficient it can cause like actual health problems my doctor recommended that I take 1000 IU’s of vitamin D every day for 3 months so I opted for a vegan version again from the my kind organics this is a vanilla flavor that I spray under my tongue and have been taking that ever since she recommended it to me and there are also natural ways to get vitamin D the Mainway is from the Sun and you can also get it from fortified foods so things like plant milks that are fortified with vitamin D and also mushrooms you’ll see on the package that it’ll say sometimes fortified with vitamin D specifically so definitely seek those out and I like incorporating them into my pastas here’s recipe for my creamy pumpkin pasta I also put them on my pizzas and I like making little mushroom caps as appetizers this is a picture from backing the fall time when I was doing my Thanksgiving recipe series I mean this as an appetizer so I’ll link all those down below if you want to find ways to get more mushrooms into your diet ever since I started taking the supplement and also finding natural ways to get vitamin D I have noticed that I’ve felt so much better but I will say that itis really important to go to your doctor first because getting too much vitamin Dis also a thing and that can actually be really toxic so check with your doctor see if you need it and if you do I highly recommend supplementing because it’s made a huge difference in my overall mood it makes me think they’re mine 66 shake these are the only supplements I’m currently taking they’re the only ones that I need it to take and that’s another question I get asked all the time how do you know what you should supplement and what you should be taking because you hear all these different things and I totally understand wanting to know like what do I do someone just tell me what to do and the thing is the only way you’re going to know is if you got your doctor and you ask for a blood test and when you get those results back you will see where you’re doing really well and where you can improve you don’t need to feel bad if you aren’t perfect to if there’s things you can work on there are lots of ways to improve your diet mostly through a whole food plant-based diet but also through really wonderful supplements like this that are just really going to help you feel the best you can possibly feel and they’re going to keep you healthy for a long time and I think it’s actually a really wonderful blessing that we have that we can go tithe doctor and get this test done and really find out how we can make ourselves even better I think it’s really great so if you’ve been on the fence about whether or not you should good if it’s even worth it it’s a hundred percent worth it I definitely recommend it and it’s also just kind of fun like I find that veganism has changed my life in so many ways but one of the ways is that it’s kind of this fun hobby to like learn how to take care of myself and that kind of process of learning and experimenting and all that stuff has really infiltrated other areas of my life and really helped me become proactive person and kind of literally building myself into the person I want to be from the ground up and it’s crazy that that starts with food and making afoot related choice I hope this video was helpful for you guys I hope that it inspired you to go get your blood work done I would love to know like what kind of supplements that you take if you take any I just love if you guys would chime in in the comments below because not only do I find it interesting but you could also really help other people who are watching this video and we can all just kind of share the things that we know and that we’ve learned along the way so thank you guys so much for watching I love you so much and I hope you have a really great day bye

What Do LH and FSH Test Results Mean?

Q: I am being tested for irregular periods, they are assuming i have pcos. Everything has come back normal but the test didn’t give me a standard range for three LH and FSH test which are LH: 11 & FSH: 2.5 … I am 22yrs old and instead of me not getting periods i get really long periods and bleeding in between. I have been trying to conceive with my husband for 2 years and nothing has happened…. does anyone know the levels of these 2 test?

A: FSH stands for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This hormone is released by the anterior pituitary gland.In women, FSH stimulates production of eggs and a hormone called estradiol during the first half of the menstrual cycle.The FSH test is usually done to help diagnose problems with sexual development, menstruation, and fertility. 

FSH Blood Test Normal Ranges

  • Before puberty: 0 – 4.0 mIU/ml
  • During puberty: 0.3 – 10.0 mIU/ml
  • Women who are menstruating: 4.7 – 21.5 mIU/ml
  • Postmenopausal: 25.8 – 134.8 mIU/ml

So you have a low FSH.

The LH blood test measures the amount of luteinizing hormone (LH). LH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland. In women, an increase in LH levels at mid-cycle causes ovulation.

The normal LH level for an adult female is 5 to 25 IU/L. Levels peak around the middle of the menstrual cycle.
So your LH is normal. Your doctor will tell you if anything is wrong. 

Causes of a low FSH

  • Hypopituitarism
  • Klinefelter syndrome
  • Polycystic ovary disease
  • Turner syndrome
  • Ovarian failure (ovarian hypofunction)
  • Ovarian or adrenal cancers
  • Precocious puberty in girls and boys
  • Anorexia

The meaning of borderline FSH blood test

A customer asked me one question yesterday, it was: I recently had a blood test to line out any problems, well i got a letter yesterday saying one of my tests were borderline. I rang to see which one this was, the lady told me it was my FSH. I didn’t know what it was, i googled it and all i got was stuff i didn’t really want to read :S so i was wondering if someone can help me out here thanks, I’m 18 and kinda worried, and not had a period for nearly 2 months this is unusual for me.

Q:  Usually you have a batch of hormone tests, LH, Progesterone test, Oestrodial etc if you have period problems.

Good luck and I hope you are able to conceive! If you have any questions I will monitor the question!

High B-HCG Levels and No Image on Ultrasound, What to expect?

How to deal with the confusing problem of not seeing the baby on ultrasound while your hcg blood test say you’re pregnant, how to avoid delay diagnosis of baby? how to protect yourself from misdiagnosis at early pregnancy?
firstly, you must know why pregnant do sono early?
The purpose of the scan is:

  • to confirm that there is a heartbeat
  • to assess the baby’s size and growth
  • to estimate the delivery date and
  • to check whether there is one baby, or twins or more.

What is the best routine ultrasound scan of pregnancy?
There are two ways of doing an ultrasound scan for pregnancy:

  1. Trans-vaginal (internal) scan: where a probe is safely placed in the vagina, accurate and clearer early picture. useful before 11 weeks for earlier detection, and after 12 weeks if a trans-abdominal scan doesn’t give a clear enough sono picture.
  2. Trans-abdominal scan: useful from 11-12 weeks and at the routine booking-in scan, at early pregnancy it’s less clear than an internal scan and that could delay diagnosis. the woman doing the scan spreads a special gel on the lower abdomen specifically below your belly button and above the line of pubic hair, the doctor then moves the scanner over the gel, sometimes pressing down, until the womb (uterus) and pregnancy can be seen.

Is ultrasound scan do work to detect pregnancy without the hcg blood test?
No, both are used to detect and confirm the progress of pregnancy, although the hcg test results may come up with the earlier sign of pregnancy as closer as 7 days after ovulation and successive implantation which is much more than ultrasound scan do, at 6 weeks of gestation hcg level is well detectable but sonogram is a bit unclear until the week 8, however hcg results only can’t confirm a viable pregnancy until a sac and heartbeat can be clearly detected on the sonar screen.
what to expect from the heartbeat results?
As long as there is a heartbeat, the risk of miscarriage decreases as the gestational weeks go by.
You will asked to repeat the scan and beta subunit hcg if:

  • There’s a heartbeat, but I’m still bleeding? Then check your beta subunit hormone, FSH, LH, E2, and Prog. levels and repeat ultrasound after few days, if ok, then progesterone medication may be suitable.
  • if the pregnancy is too small for the heartbeat to be visible, or there may be nothing much to see at all and it’s not clear what is happening, then retest and rescan after 1-2 weeks for the results to be clearer.high beta hcg levels ultrasound no image

7 weeks and no image on sono, no heartbeat, no sac, low hcg levels, what to expect?
Your doctor thinks you might have an ectopic pregnancy or silent miscarriage, take blood tests and/or a laparoscopy.
Remember that: An ectopic pregnancy is a medical term for a pregnancy that is developing outside the uterus, usually develop in one of the Fallopian tubes or inside the abdomen.
Hydatidiform Mole/molar pregnancy: where the cells of the placenta grow very quickly while the baby can’t develop. difficult to be diagnosed on scan so you might find out only after the miscarriage.
let us take this pregnancy quiz to discover why pregnancy hormone is normal but the baby not showing in Ultrasound scan?
Suggested causes and solutions:

  • Recalculate your ovulation days and gestational age.
  • Repeat HCG blood test after a week and rescan ultrasound, have you got a strong baby heartbeat and a sac on the monitor? have your bhcg count raised?
  • In the early pregnancy at 6 weeks gestation, the developing embryo show on monitor is very small because the baby is only 5-9mm long or may be smaller in many cases,  to get a better image of the baby on sonar at early pregnancy ask your doctor to use transvaginal ultrasound, Asking your doctor to scan your vagnia with vaginal probe to see any smaller mass is not difficult and not hurting, nevertheless, is more accurate to detect the baby than the abdominal probe.
  • Sudden unplanned miscarriage may be suspected if you had bleeding, the best indicator of abortion is the vaginal bleeding not spotting, although ultrasound scan may show dies baby some weeks earlier than visual bleeding and any pain. The medical term for this is “missed” or “delayed” miscarriage. This can come as a considerable shock and need a difficult medical decision by your doctor.
  • If dates are correct and no bleeding then check if there is irregular past periods or interrupted menstrual period due to hormonal imbalance, take blood tests for progesterone, LH, FSH, TSH and E2, if all are within expected ranges then it’s ok.

Examples:

  1. hcg levels 1600 and no image on sono? if HCG hormone count is normal, no bleeding from vagina, but still no heart beat or image seen on ultrasound, you may be diagnosed earlier or you have abnormal pregnancy, waiting 10 days on average is the ideal solution.
  2. Bhcg levels 15000 and no image on sono? it is a risk of ectopic pregnancy, use vaginal ultrasound and retest the beta hcg.

The hcg levels chart for viable pregnancy at 6 weeks from LMP (gestational age) :

  • 3 weeks LMP: 5 – 50 mIU/ml.
  • 4 weeks LMP: 5 – 426 mIU/ml.
  • 5 weeks LMP: 18 – 7,340 mIU/ml.
  • 6 weeks LMP: 1,080 – 56,500 mIU/ml.
  • 7 – 8 weeks LMP: 7, 650 – 229,000 mIU/ml.
  • 9 – 12 weeks LMP: 25,700 – 288,000 mIU/ml.
  • 13 – 16 weeks LMP: 13,300 – 254,000 mIU/ml.

Read the full interpretation of: hcg chart, hcg for twins, and am I pregnant or late period?

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3 Reasons for Low TSH Normal T4 Results

Low TSH normal T4 is called subclinical hyperthyroid which means incomplete hyperthyroidism,subclinical means a case of normal body function but blood test results show a little increase or decrease out the normal range,  hyperthyroid mean over production of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4).
What this topic taking about

  • What does low TSH with normal thyroid hormone means?
  • Low TSH normal T4 T3 causes and symptoms.
  • What should you concern about?
  • Does subclinical hyperthyroidism need treatment?
  • Do low TSH and normal T4 cause death?

Note that:
Thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped gland, set in front of the trachea.
T3 means is the total concentration (free and bound) of tri-iodo thyronine hormone.
T4 means is the total concentration (free and bound) of thyroxine hormone.
T3 and T4 is two hormones produced by the thyroid gland after stimulation by the hormone TSH which secreted by the pituitary gland, both T3 and T4 are called thyroid hormone, thyroid hormone function is to initialize the metabolism, thus the body start processing substances circulating in the blood.
Free T3 is the free form of T3 hormone (unbound to a carrier protein).
Free T4 is the free or unbound form of T4 hormone.
The free form of the thyroid hormone is the active form and circulate without attaching to a carrier protein, FT3 and FT4 are better for diagnosis than T3 and T4 especially when blood proteins are high
The full story is:
The T3 and/or T4 is decreased in the blood (hypothyroid), the pituitary gland sensitive to the thyroid hormone level, the pituitary secrete the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce more T3 and T4, TSH stops stimulation when T3 and/or T4 become within normal range, this process called homeostasis loop and means the human body adjust normal levels all the time.
TSH outside the reference range is likely to indicate that tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine levels are not normal for that particular person. Due to the log linear negative feedback relationship between serum thyroid hormone and TSH, even a small increase in serum thyroid hormone can suppress TSH secretion. Whether there is a difference between patients with a low, but detectable TSH versus patients with a fully suppressed TSH is unclear.
Subclinical hyperthyroidism definition:

  • Subtle or unclear symptoms of hyperthyroidism
  • Low or undetectable TSH level
  • Normal or slightly increased T4,T3 with low TSH

Low TSH normal T4 symptoms and Signs:
Patients with low TSH and normal T4 T3 levels, whether due to exogenous causes or endogenous causes, were found to have a higher prevalence of heart palpitations, tremor, heat intolerance signs, sweating, nervousness, and anxiety, but many cases not overt symptoms of hyperthyroidism and thyroid gland work with autonomy function.
Examples for TSH low T4 normal:
1. Female non pregnant, 35 years old results:
Tsh less than 0.1 (<0.1 mU/l), Normal TSH level for adults is 0.3 – 4.5 mIU/ml, the result is lower than normal range.
FT3 2.5, normal FT3 for adults is 1.5 – 4,2 pg/ml, normal result.
FT4 1.2, normal FT4 for adults is 0.9 – 1.9 ng/dl, normal result.
2. Adult male, 40 years old, diagnosed for hyperthyroidism
First diagnostic results:
TSH 49 mIU/ml, T3 0.71 ng/dl, T4 4.1 ug/dl, results show high TSH and low T3 T4.
After period with treatment
Tsh less than 0.3, T3 1.5 ng/dl, T4 8.5 ug/dl, results show low TSH normal T3 T4
Normal T3 range for adults is 0.8 – 2.1 ng/dl, normal T4 range for adults is 4.6 – 12.5 ug/dl
3. Very low or undetectable TSH levels: TSH 0.005 or less, T3 1.8 ng/dl, T4 10.0 ug/dl, the results may increase after rechecking within a month and show overt hyperthyroidism symptoms, especially if ultrasound show small or large nodule.
Read: Normal TSH levels chart by age

Causes of low TSH normal T4 and T3 results:

Normal body function
Medical term is homeostasis:
Subclinical hyperthyroidism shows low TSH in a healthy person in general, body needs may cause short term changes in hormonal levels which appear as little abnormal results, considered normalized body balance and should go inside normal ranges soon.

  1. 15% of whom have low TSH T4 normal is older patients.
  2. Common low TSH normal T4 during pregnancy: Because B-hCG hormone has some thyroid stimulating activity, TSH may be suppressed during the first trimester.

Causes from outside the thyroid gland
Medical term is exogenous

  1. Exogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism due to non-thyroidal illness, sometime called non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS): thyroid allostasis in critical illness, tumors, uremia and starvation (TACITUS), non-thyroid illness syndrome can cause three euthyroid states, transient depression in TSH, T3, and T4, or low TSH, T3 and slightly high T4, or slightly high TSH and T3 T4 normal when recovery.
  2. Iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism: caused by using treatment drugs, the use of TSH suppressing medication other than thyroid hormone (for example, glucocorticoids, dopamine), using oral glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisone) is a known cause of suppression of TSH level without high T4.
    Intentional suppressive thyroid hormone therapy, as in patients with thyroid cancer, thyroid nodules, or goiter.
    In endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism due to multinodular goiter, there seems to be a pattern of slow progression towards overt hyperthyroidism.
    Overzealous thyroid hormone replacement therapy suppresses TSH production with normal thyroid hormone level.

Causes from inside the thyroid gland
Medical term is endogenous
Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism, the source of the mild excess of thyroid hormone in the blood circulation is the thyroid itself, as in Graves’ disease, multinodular goitre, solitary functioning thyroid nodules, or thyroiditis by viral infection.
Is low TSH normal T4 dangerous or cause cancer?

  • High mortality rate is not clearly understood according to many scientific studies.
  • Low TSH normal T4 is not clearly associated with developing cardiovascular disease, can induce cardiac dysfunction is less clear
  • TSH low t4 normal may be developed to hyperthyroidism within 7-10 years especially in elders over 55, some other cases not became overtly hyperthyroid nor euthyroid during such period of time.
  • Ultrasound findings (enlargement, nodules) predict, confirm, or decline abnormal thyroid integrity.
  • Med-annual or annual checkup is recommended particularly in those where TSH remains persistently undetectable.
    Read: Recommended blood test for thyroid function

According to some studies:
Biondi et alfound more atrial premature beats and a 20% higher mean heart rate in 20 relatively young patients with iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism, compared with controls. In addition, echocardiographic measurements showed evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy in six of 20 patients.
All of whom had been treated with TSH suppressive doses of L-thyroxine for at least five years and all of whom complained of exertional dyspnoea. Both myocardial hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction improved after treatment with β-blocking agents. Six months of individual tailoring of the TSH suppressive L-thyroxine dose aiming at a TSH of 0.1 mU/l was associated with normalization of echocardiographic parameters and an increase in maximal workload
Sgarbi et al treated 10 patients, median age 59 years, with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism due to a multinodular goitre (n = 5), a solitary functioning thyroid nodule (n = 2), or a diffuse goitre (n = 3) for six months with antithyroid therapy. After reaching euthyroidism they found a significant decrease in heart rate and in the number of atrial and ventricular premature beats. Echocardiography demonstrated a reduction of the left ventricular mass index, interventricular septum thickness, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole.
In conclusion, the majority of data suggest that thyroid hormone levels above the hypothalamic-pituitary set point (low TSH normal T4) have a negative effect on cardiac function and morphology. Furthermore, subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with a significantly increased risk on atrial fibrillation.
What should you concern about?

  • Recheck the thyroid tests if it’s suspicious or the laboratory procedures not done correctly.
  • If you taking thyroid medication, then you know why you have low TSH and normal T4 T3
  • If it’s the first time to test for thyroid hormones and found low TSH level than normal reference range but T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 is normal, you must know that it’s called subclinical or incomplete hyperthyroidism, you must repeat the thyroid test after period of time to ensure TSH become normal, but most clinicians prefer to perform ultrasound imaging after subclinical hyperthyroidism for early detection of nodules or cancers, if Uls results are OK, then you only need to follow up by thyroid blood tests after several months.

We are welcome to answer questions and explain your results for free.